Space and Materiality (2024)

The Making of Lay Religion in Southern France, c. 1000-1350

John H. Arnold

Published:

2024

Online ISBN:

9780191967993

Print ISBN:

9780192871763

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The Making of Lay Religion in Southern France, c. 1000-1350

John H. Arnold

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John H. Arnold

John H. Arnold

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Pages

201–269

  • Published:

    April 2024

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Arnold, John H., 'Space and Materiality', The Making of Lay Religion in Southern France, c. 1000-1350 (Oxford, 2024; online edn, Oxford Academic, 30 Apr. 2024), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192871763.003.0007, accessed 3 May 2024.

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Abstract

Various ‘spaces’ of Christian worship are explored in this chapter, from the spiritually charged space of the saint’s shrine, to the local cemetery, to the interior of the parish church. Change over time is addressed throughout, particularly in regard to the developments in church building across the thirteenth century, as the new ‘gothic’ style was established in the region. At the same time, however, it is noted that older ‘romanesque’ churches remained common, and it is suggested that an important element in the lived experience of lay worship would be an increased awareness of contrasting spaces and material circ*mstances, for example for liturgical performance. The interior material features of parish churches are also analysed, including crucifixes, bells, retables, and other decoration—noting however that there may have been rather fewer wall paintings until quite a late date than scholarship might previously have assumed. The chapter uses an array of evidence, including one very rich fourteenth-century diocesan visitation record for Aix, and includes visual images. It concludes with discussion of the fraught area of eucharistic materiality.

Keywords: romanesque churches, gothic churches, wall paintings, retables, crucifix, bells, diocesan visitation, the Eucharist

Subject

European History History of Religion

Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online

The Making of Lay Religion in Southern France, c. 1000–1350. John H. Arnold, Oxford University Press. © John H. Arnold 2024. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192871763.003.0007

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FAQs

What is the KPMG formula for materiality? ›

The research study also cites KPMG's formula-based method: Materiality = 1.84 times (the greater of assets or revenues)2/3.

What is the acceptable materiality level? ›

The materiality threshold is defined as a percentage of that base. The most commonly used base in auditing is net income (earnings / profits). Most commonly percentages are in the range of 5 – 10 percent (for example an amount <5% = immaterial, > 10% material and 5-10% requires judgment).

What is the materiality rule? ›

Under U.S. GAAP, the definition for materiality is “The omission or misstatement of an item in a financial report is material if, in light of surrounding circ*mstances, the magnitude of the item is such that it is probable that the judgment of a reasonable person relying upon the report would have been changed or ...

What is the 5% rule for materiality? ›

Although there is no specific limit of materiality and can vary largely from company to company, a general rule of thumb is: On the income statement, an amount representing more than 5% of pre-tax profit or more than 0.5% of revenue is seen as a large enough amount to matter.

How do you calculate materiality? ›

Percentage of Total Revenue: This formula calculates materiality based on a percentage of the total revenue generated by an inventory item or group of items. Materiality = (Revenue of Item / Total Revenue) x 100.

What is the best benchmark for materiality? ›

Generally, Profit Before Tax (PBT) is considered to be the most important metric for any user of financial statements and hence it is considered to be the most appropriate benchmark for determining materiality.

What is materiality in GAAP? ›

Materiality is a GAAP principle that determines whether discrepancies in financial reporting, such as an omission or misstatement, would impact a reasonable user's decision-making. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics can determine whether information is material.

What is the materiality threshold in GAAP? ›

A misstatement under 5% can still be material if it significantly affects a company's financial trends or compliance requirements. Materiality plays a critical role in upholding the GAAP principles and enhancing the quality of financial reporting.

What is a materiality limit? ›

The materiality threshold is a measure of whether an amount is big enough to affect financial decision-makers. Determining which amounts are large enough to make a difference, however, is inherently subjective.

What is the standard of materiality? ›

Northway, 426 U.S. 438, 449 (1976) (a fact is material “if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable shareholder would consider it important” in making an investment decision or if it “would have been viewed by the reasonable investor as having significantly altered the 'total mix' of information made ...

How does Deloitte calculate materiality? ›

Financial materiality is determined by assessing the size and likelihood of each financial risk it could encounter, as well as each financial opportunity.

How does PwC calculate materiality? ›

The auditor's determination of materiality is a matter of professional judgment and is affected by the auditor's perception of the financial information needs of users of the financial statements. In planning the audit, the auditor makes judgments about misstatements that will be considered material.

What will an accountant do to determine the materiality of an amount? ›

Companies consider the quality and quantity of each transaction to determine if it's material or immaterial. This means they look at the amount of the transaction and how it may affect their financial statements before deciding whether to omit it.

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